Amazonska biljka s dugom ljekovitom tradicijom.
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MANSOA ALLIACEA, PSEUDOCALYMMA ALLIACEUM, CYDISTA AEQUINOCTIALIS |
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Ajo sacha, grm našeg Amazona, ima dugu tradiciju upotrebe u ljekovite svrhe. Amazonski domoroci koriste svoje macerirane listove u rakiji za ublažavanje raznih bolova. Ima miris sličan češnjaku, ovu biljku preuzimaju stanovnici džungle koji svojstvo pripisuju izlječenju fizičkih i psihičkih bolesti poput jačanja samopoštovanja i volje. Pokazalo se da je ajo sacha restorativni analgetik i tonik.
porijeklo i opis
Polu-grm grm visok 3 m ili više, miriše na češnjak ili luk. Lišće s tetivom. Voćna linearna glatka površinska kapsula. Sjeme s dva membranska krila U ovoj biljci postoje i pomoćni grozdovi koji se pored ljubičastih cvjetova smatraju i cvatovima duljine između 13 i 15 cm. Plod je lignified, snažno uglovana duguljasta kapsula s glatkom površinom. Podijeljeni su u muške biljke i ženske biljke koje se zajedno koriste za svoje liječenje.
Stanište mu je u tropskim predjelima, temperatura između 20 i 26 ° C. Pješčana ili glinasta tla s obiljem organske tvari. Uz to je važno znati da nisu otporne na poplave. Plantaža se mora podudarati s početkom sezone kiša, to jest u mjesecima studenom i prosincu u Amazoni.
U Peruu je rasprostranjen u odjeljenjima Amazonas, Huánuco, Loreto i San Martín.
sastav
Kemijski spojevi otkriveni u različitim studijama su: stigmasterol, alkaloidi, saponini, flavonski pigmenti, alin, alicin, sulfoksidni dial.
Citotoksični naftakinoni: 9-metoksi-alfa-lapakfon i 4-hidroksi-9-metoksi-alfa-lapafon koji su toksične komponente.
Citotoksični naftakinoni: 9-metoksi-alfa-lapakfon i 4-hidroksi-9-metoksi-alfa-lapafon koji su toksične komponente.
prednosti
S karakterističnim mirisom sličnim češnjaku, ovu biljku drevno uživaju stanovnici džungle koji svojstvo pripisuju liječenju fizičkih i psihičkih bolesti poput jačanja samopoštovanja i volje.
Danas postoji mnogo ljudi koji iz ekonomskih razloga ne mogu pristupiti modernim lijekovima, a kao alternativu pronalazimo ljekovito bilje radi poboljšanja zdravlja najpotrebnijih ljudi. Od 1109 ljekovitih biljaka koje su u Peruu poznate, otprilike 890 vrsta potječe iz Amazone, mnoge od tih biljaka prijete izumiranju izazvanim uništavanjem ekosustava.
Njegova upotreba u medicini je opsežna. Njegove stabljike, korijenje i lišće koriste se izvana i iznutra kao:
U tradicionalnoj medicini koriste se lišće, stabljika i korijen izvana i iznutra. Koristi se uglavnom protiv reume, apliciranjem macerata i nanošenjem lišća na zahvaćene dijelove. "Uzmite alkoholni macerat kore ili korijena i obložite lišćem na upaljenom području. Upotrebljava se i protiv migrene, bolova u mišićima i artritisa. Iznutra jača imunitet i ublažava stanja dišnog sustava Osim toga, učinkovito je sredstvo protiv komaraca.
Prema tradicionalnom znanju amazonskih iscjelitelja koristi se kora maceriranog korijena u rakiji. Biljka se uzima nekoliko dana i ima psihičke učinke na osobu. Biljka jača volju, samopoštovanje i sposobnost donošenja odluka.
Danas postoji mnogo ljudi koji iz ekonomskih razloga ne mogu pristupiti modernim lijekovima, a kao alternativu pronalazimo ljekovito bilje radi poboljšanja zdravlja najpotrebnijih ljudi. Od 1109 ljekovitih biljaka koje su u Peruu poznate, otprilike 890 vrsta potječe iz Amazone, mnoge od tih biljaka prijete izumiranju izazvanim uništavanjem ekosustava.
Njegova upotreba u medicini je opsežna. Njegove stabljike, korijenje i lišće koriste se izvana i iznutra kao:
- Analgetik
- Protuupalni za zglobni i koštani sustav (artritis, osteoartritis, reumatizam itd.)
- Antiaritmik
- Energizator
- Antioksidansi
- Sedativ
U tradicionalnoj medicini koriste se lišće, stabljika i korijen izvana i iznutra. Koristi se uglavnom protiv reume, apliciranjem macerata i nanošenjem lišća na zahvaćene dijelove. "Uzmite alkoholni macerat kore ili korijena i obložite lišćem na upaljenom području. Upotrebljava se i protiv migrene, bolova u mišićima i artritisa. Iznutra jača imunitet i ublažava stanja dišnog sustava Osim toga, učinkovito je sredstvo protiv komaraca.
Prema tradicionalnom znanju amazonskih iscjelitelja koristi se kora maceriranog korijena u rakiji. Biljka se uzima nekoliko dana i ima psihičke učinke na osobu. Biljka jača volju, samopoštovanje i sposobnost donošenja odluka.
izvršene studije
Studije provedene na ovoj biljci pokazuju njegove biološki aktivne komponente kao što je alina, glavni izvor alicina koji je odgovoran za miris i okus lukovice luka. Pokazalo se da je alicin hipoglikemijski agens pa njegovi spojevi podnose inzulin. Također ima antioksidacijska svojstva.
Svi vegetativni dijelovi poput zrelog lišća i mladog lišća karakteriziraju visokom koncentracijom aline u usporedbi s koncentracijom aline u luku češnjaka. Stoga se može reći da češnjak sacha ima visoku koncentraciju antioksidanata koji imaju prehrambenu prednost.
Slično tome, češnjak sača također uživa prednosti što sadrži sastojke vitamina C i E koji djeluju kao antioksidanti, kao i funkcionalnih elemenata poput selena i kroma.
Također se koristi u kuhinji kao začin nakon što su listovi zdrobljeni jer daju karakterističan okus češnjaka.
Svi vegetativni dijelovi poput zrelog lišća i mladog lišća karakteriziraju visokom koncentracijom aline u usporedbi s koncentracijom aline u luku češnjaka. Stoga se može reći da češnjak sacha ima visoku koncentraciju antioksidanata koji imaju prehrambenu prednost.
Slično tome, češnjak sača također uživa prednosti što sadrži sastojke vitamina C i E koji djeluju kao antioksidanti, kao i funkcionalnih elemenata poput selena i kroma.
Također se koristi u kuhinji kao začin nakon što su listovi zdrobljeni jer daju karakterističan okus češnjaka.
Tablica 1. Koncentracija različitih vegetativnih dijelova Ajo Sache u odnosu na lukovicu.
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UZORAK
Korijen Zrelo lišće Nježno lišće Lukovica |
Konc. ALINA (mg/g)
312,06 938,68 880,20 509,55 |
Kao što se može vidjeti u gornjoj tablici, vegetativni dijelovi poput zrelog i mladog lišća karakteriziraju visokom koncentracijom aline u usporedbi s koncentracijom aline u lukovici češnjaka. Stoga se može reći da ajo sacha ima visoku koncentraciju antioksidanata koji imaju prehrambenu prednost.
kako konzumirati biljku?
Oralni put: uzimati 20 kapi tri puta dnevno (po mogućnosti svakih osam sati) raspoređenih u 1/4 čaše vode, soka ili infuzije.
upozorenje i kontraindikacije
Ne primjenjivati na trudnicama ili dojiljama. U slučaju osoba koje pate od čira na želucu, gutajte ekstrakt pomiješan s jajetom ili želatinom.
Nemojte primjenjivati zajedno s Insulinom.
Nemojte primjenjivati zajedno s Insulinom.
reference
Klinička studija faze II mansoe alliacee u bolesnika s Algijama, upalama zglobova i mišićno-koštanog sustava vatrostalnim za liječenje nesteroidnim antiregijama. Roberto Inchusstegui Gonzales, Teodoro Cerrutti Sifuentes, Ernesto Nina Chora, Felipe Ríos Isern Istraživački centar tradicionalne medicine. Iquitos - Peru.
Pinedo PM. Rengifo SE. Cerrutti ST. Ljekovite biljke peruanske Amazonije, proučavanje njegove uporabe i uzgoja. UNDP, IFAD, TCA, IIAP, Iquitos, Peru; 1997.
Ríos, I.F. Procjena kronične toksičnosti liofiliziranog ekstrakta lišća češnjaka sacha mansoa alliacea albino štakora. IMET-IPSS izvješće; Iquitos - Peru.
Jorge Dávila, Andrés Calero, Staljin Roldán i Francisco Benítez; Funkcionalni sastojci ekvadorskih biljaka; Odjel za prehrambene znanosti i biotehnologiju.
INIAP. 2004. Popis amazonskih i egzotičnih voćaka koji čine kolekciju središnje eksperimentalne stanice Amazone.
Calero A. 2010. Agroindustrijska procjena češnjaka s planine
Pinedo PM. Rengifo SE. Cerrutti ST. Ljekovite biljke peruanske Amazonije, proučavanje njegove uporabe i uzgoja. UNDP, IFAD, TCA, IIAP, Iquitos, Peru; 1997.
Ríos, I.F. Procjena kronične toksičnosti liofiliziranog ekstrakta lišća češnjaka sacha mansoa alliacea albino štakora. IMET-IPSS izvješće; Iquitos - Peru.
Jorge Dávila, Andrés Calero, Staljin Roldán i Francisco Benítez; Funkcionalni sastojci ekvadorskih biljaka; Odjel za prehrambene znanosti i biotehnologiju.
INIAP. 2004. Popis amazonskih i egzotičnih voćaka koji čine kolekciju središnje eksperimentalne stanice Amazone.
Calero A. 2010. Agroindustrijska procjena češnjaka s planine
uporaba
Korijen protiv reume: pet korijena macerirano je u boci s rakijom na dva dana.
Uzmite čašu na prazan želudac, a zatim se okupajte.
Listovi protiv reume: kuhajte tri muška i tri ženska lista, te četiri crvena lista ahiote.
Okupajte se tekućinom i stavite pamučni oblog na upaljeno područje.
plant profile
Garlic Vine is a highly ornamental, tropical climbing plant, native to Amazon rainforest, where it is commonly known as Ajos Sacha (or Ajo Sacho or Ajossacha), which means False Garlic in Spanish. The reason for that is its characteristic garlic-like smell of leaves when crushed. This smell is caused by the same chemicals that are found in Garlic, and so this vine share Garlics taste and medicinal values. Because of the beauty of its flowers it can be found in gardens of Southeast Asia (it is called Blue Shower in Pakistan) and other tropical regions, as well as like a house plant in temperate zones. But its medicinal properties are barely known outside its motherland, where it is playing significant role in traditional healing and modern herbalism. Ajos Sacha is also one of plants that is used in spiritual rituals of Amazonian tribes. It is often taken before Ayahuasca ritual - to cleanse the blood and body, bring both physical and mental well being, to ward off evil spirits and bring good luck. For this purpose it is often burned in houses.
Garlic Vine have many other common names that relates to Garlic - Garlic Creeper, Garlic Shrub, Garlic Rope, Amazonian Garlic Bush, Bejuco de Ajo, Ajos del Monte, Sucho Ajo and Cipo de Alho, to mention just some. Its most popular latin name is Mansoa alliacea but it has so many synonyms that are still in use that it can cause every botanist a headache. Here are some of it : Pseudocalymma alliaceum, Cydista aequinoctialis, Bignonia alliacea, Bignonia aequinoctialis, Adenocalymma alliaceum, Adenocalymma pachypus, Pachyptera alliacea, Pseudocalymma sagotti, Pseudocalymma pachypus.
Garlic Vine have many other common names that relates to Garlic - Garlic Creeper, Garlic Shrub, Garlic Rope, Amazonian Garlic Bush, Bejuco de Ajo, Ajos del Monte, Sucho Ajo and Cipo de Alho, to mention just some. Its most popular latin name is Mansoa alliacea but it has so many synonyms that are still in use that it can cause every botanist a headache. Here are some of it : Pseudocalymma alliaceum, Cydista aequinoctialis, Bignonia alliacea, Bignonia aequinoctialis, Adenocalymma alliaceum, Adenocalymma pachypus, Pachyptera alliacea, Pseudocalymma sagotti, Pseudocalymma pachypus.
cultivation and harvesting
Mansoa alliacea is evergreen, semi-woody vine that can climb even up to 12 m, but usually it is around 3 m tall. It often clings to tree trunk, fence or wall (usually needs support to attach) to climb, or form kind of a bush on its own. As a tropical plant it likes high temperatures and humidity. Temperatures below 0'C can easily kill this plant, which makes it suitable only as a houseplant in temperate regions. It can grow in half shade, but to produce abundance of flowers it require full sun. It might flower intensively 2 - 3 times a year, and its beautiful flowers lasts around 3 weeks, changing its colour from lavender-violet to bleak-violet into alost white. To support growth of new flower buds, clusters of old wilted flowers should be cut off, othervise plant will produce seed pods instead new flower buds. Garlic vine releases its garlicky smell only when crushed or pruned. It can be propagated thru seeds or cuttings, for both ways it require heat. Leaves can be picked at any time of year.
culinary uses
In Amazon Rainforest, local people are using leaves of Garlic Vine as a seasoning and spice, it can be used in the same way as garlic.
medical uses
Ajos Sacha is commonly used in traditional medicine of Amazon tribes, for fevers, colds, flu, cough, asthma, pneumonia and other respiratory problems, rheumatic and arthritic pains and other inflammations, malaria, cancer, myalgia, mycosis, lumbago, headache, nervousness, nervous shock, neurosis, uterine disorder, epilepsy, cramps, wounds, swellings, high cholesterol and constipation.
Leaves can be eaten fresh or dried, and all parts of plant including roots can be taken in form of infusion, decoction (some of it properties might be lost due to long, high heat exposure), tincture, or capsules, but decoctions and tinctures are usually made from bark or root. Its properties are analgesic, anodyne, antioxidant, antifungal, antiarthritic, antirheumatic, antiinflammatory, antispasmodic, antitussive, antiviral, antibacterial, stomachic, febrifuge, astringent, tonic, depurative, laxative, vermifuge and insecticidal.
Mansoa alliacea contains alkaloids, tannins, phenols (i.a. lapachol derivatives), flavonoids (anthocyanins), glycosides, saponins, lignins, triterpenoids, quinones and sterols (beta sitosterol, stigmasterol, daucosterol, fucosterol) . It is most characteristic for containing the same sulphur compounds that are found in Garlic, like aliin and allyl sulphides. These chemical compounds are known to lower cholesterol level and inhibit absorbtion of cholesterol in the intestines. The wood of Garlic vine contain two lapachone chemicals, that have proved anticancer activity.
Decoctions of stems with leaves are applied externaly on rheumatic and arthritic pains, muscular fatigue, swellings and inflammations of skin. A tincture of the root in cane alcohol is taken as a overall regenerative whole body tonic. Tea made from leaves is taken by the Amuesha people of Peru to aid women fertility. Leaves are often added to baths by some tribes, to fight flu, fevers, body aches, cramps and fatige. It is also used as a insect and snakes repellent. Crushed leaves can be applied as a patch on forehead for headache.
Leaves can be eaten fresh or dried, and all parts of plant including roots can be taken in form of infusion, decoction (some of it properties might be lost due to long, high heat exposure), tincture, or capsules, but decoctions and tinctures are usually made from bark or root. Its properties are analgesic, anodyne, antioxidant, antifungal, antiarthritic, antirheumatic, antiinflammatory, antispasmodic, antitussive, antiviral, antibacterial, stomachic, febrifuge, astringent, tonic, depurative, laxative, vermifuge and insecticidal.
Mansoa alliacea contains alkaloids, tannins, phenols (i.a. lapachol derivatives), flavonoids (anthocyanins), glycosides, saponins, lignins, triterpenoids, quinones and sterols (beta sitosterol, stigmasterol, daucosterol, fucosterol) . It is most characteristic for containing the same sulphur compounds that are found in Garlic, like aliin and allyl sulphides. These chemical compounds are known to lower cholesterol level and inhibit absorbtion of cholesterol in the intestines. The wood of Garlic vine contain two lapachone chemicals, that have proved anticancer activity.
Decoctions of stems with leaves are applied externaly on rheumatic and arthritic pains, muscular fatigue, swellings and inflammations of skin. A tincture of the root in cane alcohol is taken as a overall regenerative whole body tonic. Tea made from leaves is taken by the Amuesha people of Peru to aid women fertility. Leaves are often added to baths by some tribes, to fight flu, fevers, body aches, cramps and fatige. It is also used as a insect and snakes repellent. Crushed leaves can be applied as a patch on forehead for headache.
sourses
'' Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America '' - James E Duke, CRC Press 2008
'' The London Medical Record, Tom 6 '' - Ernest Abraham Hart, Elder Smith 1878
'' Wild Foresting : Practising Nature's Wisdom '' - Alan Drengson, Duncan Taylor, New Society Publishing 2008
'' Novel Technologies in Food Science : Their Impact of Products, Consumer Trends and the Environment '' - Anna McElhatton, Paulo Jose do Amaral Sobral, Springer Science & Business Media 2011
'' The Ayahuasca Diaries '' - Caspar Greef, Jacana Media 2010
http://www.rain-tree.com/ajos-sacha-traditional-uses.pdf
http://www.rain-tree.com/ajos-sacha-chemicals.pdf
http://www.rain-tree.com/ajos-sacha-activity.pdf
http://www.practicalgardening.blackdovenest.com/2013/10/garlic-vine-mansoa-alliacea-cydista.html
http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/119636/#b
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/244484400_Phytochemical_studies_on_Mansoa_alliacea_(Lam.)
https://toptropicals.com/catalog/uid/Mansoa_alliacea.htm
http://www.yana-puma.com/en/what-is-ajos-sacha/#
http://www.sybout.com/vines_creepers.htm
http://www.plantsrescue.com/tag/garlic-vine/
http://www.somemagneticislandplants.com.au/index.php/plants/296-mansoa-alliacea
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Garlic%20Vine.html
http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Mansoa+alliacea
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0102-695X2009000500025&script=sci_arttext
http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/duke/ethnobot.pl?ethnobot.taxon=Cydista%20aequinoctialis
http://www.gardeningpakistan.com/viewtopic.php?f=37&t=2927
'' The London Medical Record, Tom 6 '' - Ernest Abraham Hart, Elder Smith 1878
'' Wild Foresting : Practising Nature's Wisdom '' - Alan Drengson, Duncan Taylor, New Society Publishing 2008
'' Novel Technologies in Food Science : Their Impact of Products, Consumer Trends and the Environment '' - Anna McElhatton, Paulo Jose do Amaral Sobral, Springer Science & Business Media 2011
'' The Ayahuasca Diaries '' - Caspar Greef, Jacana Media 2010
http://www.rain-tree.com/ajos-sacha-traditional-uses.pdf
http://www.rain-tree.com/ajos-sacha-chemicals.pdf
http://www.rain-tree.com/ajos-sacha-activity.pdf
http://www.practicalgardening.blackdovenest.com/2013/10/garlic-vine-mansoa-alliacea-cydista.html
http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/119636/#b
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/244484400_Phytochemical_studies_on_Mansoa_alliacea_(Lam.)
https://toptropicals.com/catalog/uid/Mansoa_alliacea.htm
http://www.yana-puma.com/en/what-is-ajos-sacha/#
http://www.sybout.com/vines_creepers.htm
http://www.plantsrescue.com/tag/garlic-vine/
http://www.somemagneticislandplants.com.au/index.php/plants/296-mansoa-alliacea
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Garlic%20Vine.html
http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Mansoa+alliacea
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0102-695X2009000500025&script=sci_arttext
http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/duke/ethnobot.pl?ethnobot.taxon=Cydista%20aequinoctialis
http://www.gardeningpakistan.com/viewtopic.php?f=37&t=2927
